Dr. Larry Squire is a leading neuroscientist studying the principles of mammalian long-term memory. He is is professor of psychiatry, neurosciences, and psychology at the University of California, San Diego, and research career scientist at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Diego. His research has focused largely on the difference between declarative and non-declarative memory - one of the most important distinctions in the recent history of memory research. His research has focused in particular on the role of the medial-temporal lobe and its function in long-term memory formation and retrieval. Inspired by patients like H.M., Dr. Squire has investigated the role of the medial-temporal lobes in both neurological human patients and numerous animal (mammalian) models. In the past he has served as president to the Society for Neuroscience. In this interview, Dr. Squire describes some of the important issues he and others faced when studying long-term memory and the changes in our understanding of the nature of memory.